As he smashed the feudal system of aristocratic privilege and birth, he built a new and unique system based on individual merit, loyalty, and achievement. He took the disjointed and languorous trading towns ... and organized them into history’s largest free-trade zone. He lowered taxes for everyone, and abolished them altogether for doctors, teachers, priests, and educational institutions. He established a regular census and created the first international postal system. His was not an empire that hoarded wealth and treasure; instead, he widely distributed the goods acquired in combat so that they could make their way back into commercial circulation. He created an international law and recognized the ultimate supreme law of the Eternal Blue Sky over all people. At a time when most rulers considered themselves to be above the law, ... insisted on laws holding rulers as equally accountable as the lowest herder. He granted religious freedom within his realms, though he demanded total loyalty from conquered subjects of all religions. He insisted on the rule of law and abolished torture, but he mounted major campaigns to seek out and kill raiding bandits and terrorist assassins. He refused to hold hostages and, instead, instituted the novel practice of granting diplomatic immunity for all ambassadors and envoys, including those from hostile nations with whom he was at war.
Iz knjige Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World.
4 comments:
Ma ko je ovo napisao?
Mongoli su ustanovili vladavinu zakona... Postu...
Pre ce biti teror i neprekidno razaranje!
Pitanje:
Sta je to ostalo od Dzingis-kana?
Zato i jeste zanimljiva knjiga, sto dovodi u pitanje preovladjujuce misljenje.
Evo odgovora autora na pitanje sta je ostalo od Mongola:
The Mongols made no technological breakthroughs, founded no new religions, wrote few books or dramas, and gave the world no new crops or methods of agriculture. Their own craftsmen could not weave cloth, cast metal, make pottery, or even bake bread. They manufactured neither porcelain nor pottery, painted no pictures, and built no buildings. Yet, as their army conquered culture after culture, they collected and passed all of these skills from one civilization to the next.
The only permanent structures Genghis Khan erected were bridges. Although he spurned the building of castles, forts, cities, or walls, as he moved across the landscape, he probably built more bridges than any ruler in history. He spanned hundreds of streams and rivers in order to make the movement of his armies and goods quicker. The Mongols deliberately opened the world to a new commerce not only in goods, but also in ideas and knowledge. The Mongols brought German miners to China and Chinese doctors to Persia. The transfers ranged from the monumental to the trivial. They spread the use of carpets everywhere they went and transplanted lemons and carrots from Persia to China, as well as noodles, playing cards, and tea from China to the West. They brought a metalworker from Paris to build a fountain on the dry steppes of Mongolia, recruited an English nobleman to serve as interpreter in their army, and took the practice of Chinese fingerprinting to Persia. They financed the building of Christian churches in China, Buddhist temples and stupas in Persia, and Muslim Koranic schools in Russia. The Mongols swept across the globe as conquerors, but also as civilization’s unrivaled cultural carriers.
The Mongols who inherited Genghis Khan’s empire exercised a determined drive to move products and commodities around and to combine them in ways that produced entirely novel products and unprecedented invention. When their highly skilled engineers from China, Persia, and Europe combined Chinese gunpowder with Muslim flamethrowers and applied European bell-casting technology, they produced the cannon, an entirely new order of technological innovation, from which sprang the vast modern arsenal of weapons from pistols to missiles. While each item had some significance, the larger impact came in the way the Mongols selected and combined technologies to create unusual hybrids.
Uh. Autor je zaljubljen u Mongole, pa su mu zaključci zamagljeni. Pored toga, moram reći da su mi posve novi podaci poput saksonskih rudara u Kini, ili engleskih prevodilaca... To su baš revolucionarni podaci.
Pretpostavljam da je trgovina, razmena dobara i znanja, ono što Vas je navelo da objavite ovaj tekst, ali da skrenem pažnju:
taj je prostor bio itekako živ pre Džingis-kana, sva je prilika i življi pre pojava mongolskih vojski, koje odlikuje razaranje velikih gradova, teror i pokolj.
Meni je dosta da su se Mongoli napili krvi Rusima, i to je dovoljna zasluga da im ja budem zahvalan :)) Usput, bili su uspešni i na drugim frontovima, genetičari kažu da, sa vrlo velikom verovatnoćom, jer nosi jedan karakterističan genetski marker koji je lako pratiti, Džingis-kanova loza danas ima preko osamnaest miliona potomaka širom sveta, a ponajviše, naravno, u Aziji :)))
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